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Sales Reps

For very small and new publishing companies, achieving proper rep coverage can be difficult, as freelance reps will often only take on publishers whose books they are confident of selling. Newer publishers may find it easier to build up telesales relationships with carefully targeted booksellers and with wholesalers and establish a sales history for their books, before trying to find a rep or a sales agent. It becomes easier to find freelance representation as your list becomes larger and more successful.

In the UK reps are divided into three generic groups:

    * Trade reps: visiting book retailers, library suppliers and wholesalers
    * Academic reps: visiting lecturers in colleges and universities in order to persuade them to ‘adopt’ a text book as an essential title for students on a course, or at the very least, mention the book on their reading list as ‘recommended reading’, plus visiting academic bookshops on or off the campus.
    * Educational/school reps: visiting teachers in primary and/or secondary schools, selling educational textbooks; also visiting bookshops that sell those titles and specialist school book suppliers (who may not have a conventional street shop presence)

Trade reps are either salaried (plus, usually, a company car) or work on commission for several publishers (who are not large enough to warrant them employing salaried reps). The commission will vary from 10% to 15% of publisher’s net receipt. Sometimes commissioned reps work in teams to cover the UK (4-18 to cover the whole of the UK plus Ireland). Reps visit bookshops to sell in new titles, usually using a single A4 sheet AI – Advanced Information sheet – plus a book cover; several titles presented like this are bound together to form a “blad”. Some large publishers are now giving their reps electronic blads on lap-top computers, from which much more elaborate presentations may be made. The rep will also remind the bookseller about steady selling backlist titles, and may offer point of sale material such as posters and counter packs (cardboard structures holding several copies of the same title). Bookshops are usually visited a minimum of three times a year, but more frequently for inner city large bookshops. The rep may negotiate the discount the bookshop receives from the publisher, although this is more usually done by the head office of both the bookshop (in the case of chains) and the publisher – usually the rep’s boss, the Sales Manager or Director.

Rep access to some of the larger chain bookstores is becoming increasingly difficult to arrange. Some chains have a policy of seeing reps from only their largest supplier publishers, Others have more variable policies across the chain. It is seen as increasingly important to back-up the work of your rep team with other selling techniques such as direct mail to bookshops, tele-sales and e-mail and web marketing.

For smaller publishing houses, arranging repping and distribution agreements with a very large publishing company can be mean obtaining rep access to bookshops which would otherwise be impossible. However the advantages must be weighed against not being high on the rep's list of priorities. Being distributed by a distribution firm employing reps, can bring similar advantages, particularly where that distribution firm has built a reputation for being the major distributor of certain publishing genres (for example literary fiction, or travel).

The academic rep's main purpose is to secure textbook adoptions by visiting college and university lecturers. The rep will also liaise with the nearest bookshop supplying students, either on or off the campus, to make sure that sufficient stock of ‘adopted’ and ‘recommended’ titles is ordered in time for the start of courses.

School reps do the same as academic reps, but in schools.
Overseas trade reps are more likely to cover large geographic areas, such as northern Europe, Australia and New Zealand, or the Middle East. Only the largest publishers have salaried overseas reps, the rest employing a mixture of commissioned reps, who often work in groups, and in house staff (Export sales managers) who visit overseas bookshops in certain areas periodically, and also manage the commissioned reps. Visits to overseas bookshops are usually only made once or twice a year. ‘Academic calling’ by academic reps is less common overseas, except in those areas that routinely use English language textbooks.

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